Vertical Immobilization Method for Time-Lapse Microscopy Analysis in Filamentous Cyanobacteria.

A main event in bacterial cell division is the septation process, where the protein FtsZ is the key element. FtsZ polymerizes forming a ring-like structure (Z-ring) in the middle of the cell that serves as a scaffold for other division proteins. Super-resolution microscopy in bacterial models Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis showed that the Z-ring is discontinuous, while live cell imaging studies demonstrated that FtsZ moves along the ring by a mechanism known as treadmilling. To study the dynamics of FtsZ in vivo, a special cell placement in a vertical position is necessary for imaging the complete structure of the ring in the XY plane. In the case of FtsZ imaging in multicellular cyanobacteria, such as Anabaena sp. PCC7120, maintaining the filaments in a vertical position is challenging because of the size of the cells and the filaments' length. In this article, we describe a method that allows the vertical immobilization of Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 filaments using low melting point agarose and syringes, to record the Z-ring in a mutant that expresses a FtsZ-sfGFP fusion protein. This method is a rapid and inexpensive way to register protein dynamics at the division site using confocal microscopy.