Phosphate adsorption from water and wastewater using non-devulcanised and devulcanised tyre rubber.

The secondary use of tyre rubber is a potentially sustainable environmental solution. However, the sorption properties of used-tyre rubber have not yet been fully investigated. In this study, the rubber type (vulcanised or devulcanised part-worn tyre rubber) that can sorb phosphate phosphorus from aqueous solutions or wastewater more effectively is determined. The capacity of granules (0.3-1.0 mm in diameter) of non-devulcanised ground tyre rubber and uniquely chemically devulcanised rubber to adsorb phosphorus is evaluated under laboratory conditions. The results show that under the filtration of an aqueous solution or biologically treated wastewater at a flow rate of 0.75 m/h (1.2 L/h), 1 g of the devulcanised rubber medium accumulates 5.16 mg of phosphorus, which is five times more than that accumulated by the non-devulcanised rubber medium. The surface structure of the non-devulcanised rubber medium is more suitable for the sorption of devulcanised rubber granules. The sorption capacity and effectiveness of non-devulcanised rubber for phosphorus removal are more favourable compared with those of the tested natural and waste-prepared sorbents. Further research into this material as a medium for filter layers and for accumulating drainage should be conducted. The findings of this study are important for addressing issues associated with the secondary use of tyre rubber.