The author expression ​of concern (AEOC): A proposed formal mechanism to allow authors' legitimate concerns to be heard, and their rights and voices to be respected.

We propose a type of DOI-based manuscript, the author expression of concern (AEOC), allowing authors to formally publish their concerns about legitimate procedural problems associated with editors, reviewers, journals or publishers. Managed by a neutral third-party arbitrator or moderator, AEOCs would be limited in size and subjected to fair but strict screening of presented evidence. When an AEOC is approved for publication by an arbitrator, the criticized party would also need to formally respond within a reasonable period, as a "letter to the author(s)", which is also screened by the same arbitrator. Expanding the range of publishing options for authors, as AEOCs, would allow them to voice their legitimate concerns related to a journal's procedures in a formalized format. Although implementation might be challenging at first, it could demonstrate the fairness of editorial policies and democratize the publication process by taking authors' legitimate expressions of discontent related to procedure, and their rights of expression into account, elevating them to a formal article status, allowing for a more balanced two-way system of accountability and openness. Author empowerment that matches editorial and publisher empowerment is essential for a journal to truly claim to be fair, just and accountable.