THE ROLE GENE EXPRESSION OF PD-1 AND PD-L1 IN NEWELY DIAGNOSED AND TREATED PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid malignancy in which hematopoietic progenitor cells are blocked early in development, causing the development of abnormal cells. The most common type of adult leukemia is AML. The most significant developments in the treatment of cancer over the past ten years have been made possible by programmed death protein 1 and anti-programmed ligand 1 (PD-L1) which are examples of immune checkpoint (IC) inhibitors. This study involved two groups: the patient group, consisting of 80 samples, and the control group, consisting of 40 samples. The participants' age range was 18-85 years, and the samples were obtained from at Baghdad Teaching Hospital - Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq. Patients were categorized into the FAB according to AML Subtype including the FAB (M3), FAB (non- M3). The age group did not show a significant difference (P≥0.05) in patients with AML compared to the control group. Furthermore, The mean age of patients was 42.83 years, and control age mean 40.4 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Acute myeloid leukemia on the levels of certain immunological parameters. The results of the QRT-PCR technique for immunological tests showed the PD-1 expression in patients with AML statistically has high significant difference (P≤0.0001). and the PD-L1 expression also had a highly significant difference (P<0.0001) in PD-1, PD-L1 genes, compared to the control group. These findings suggest that AML infection may influence immunological responses.