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The Gut Microbiota's Role in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Nutrients
December 2024
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy.
Aim: This article aims to explore the role of the human gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its influence on health and disease, and investigating potential therapeutic strategies targeting GM modulation.
Materials And Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota's composition and its interaction with the human body, particularly, its role in neurological and psychiatric conditions, is provided. The review discusses factors influencing GM composition, including birth mode, breastfeeding, diet, medications, and geography.
Anthranilic Acid-G-Protein Coupled Receptor109A-Cytosolic Phospholipase A2-Myelin-Cognition Cascade: A New Target for the Treatment/Prevention of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia, Dementia, and Aging.
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Cognitive impairment is a core feature of neurodevelopmental (schizophrenia) and aging-associated (mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia) neurodegenerative diseases. Limited efficacy of current pharmacological treatments warrants further search for new targets for nootropic interventions. The breakdown of myelin, a phospholipids axonal sheath that protects the conduction of nerve impulse between neurons, was proposed as a neuropathological abnormality that precedes and promotes the deposition of amyloid-β in neuritic plaques.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA New Three-Hit Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorder with Cognitive Impairments and Persistent Sociability Deficits.
Brain Sci
December 2024
Department of Health, Normandie Université, UNICAEN (Université de Caen Normandie), INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche) 1075 COMETE, Campus 5, CYCERON, FHU (Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire) A2M2P, CHU (Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire) Caen, 14000 Caen, France.
Background/objectives: Cognitive deficits and negative symptoms associated with schizophrenia are poorly managed by current antipsychotics. In order to develop effective treatments, refining animal models of neurodevelopmental disorders is essential.
Methods: To address their multifactorial etiology, we developed a new three-hit mouse model based on the hypoglutamatergic hypothesis of the pathology combined with early stress, offering strong construct validity.
Schizophrenia Following Early Adolescence Prodrome: A Neurodevelopmental Subtype With Autism-like Sensorimotor and Social Cognition Deficits.
Schizophr Bull
January 2025
Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team "Pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders", Institut de psychiatrie, CNRS GDR 3557, 75014 Paris, France.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how early-adolescence prodromes in schizophrenia (SCZ) relate to social cognition deficits and sensorimotor impairments, comparing them to autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
- It involves four groups: ASD, SCZ with early-adolescence prodromes (under 15), SCZ with late-adolescence prodromes (over 15), and a control group, analyzing their social cognition and neurological soft signs (NSS).
- Findings indicate that SCZ with early prodromes show similar social cognition impairments as those with ASD, highlighting that age of prodrome onset plays a critical role in understanding SCZ subgroups rather than just the onset of psychosis.
Cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) regulation in severe mental disorders.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
December 2024
Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK. Electronic address:
Background: People with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show abnormalities in the biological stress system and low-grade inflammation. However, whether the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-immune regulation is disrupted in SZ and BD, is yet to be determined.
Methods: Cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in blood samples collected at or before 10 am in participants with SZ (N = 257), BD (N = 153), and healthy controls (N = 40).
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