Monkeypox virus, now known as Mpox virus is a large, enveloped, double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus belonging to the Orthopox viridae genus of the Poxviridae family. Though, Mpox, have earlier been endemic to only African countries, the 2022 outbreak has shown its rapid spread throughout the world. The May 2022 outbreak have shown primarily human to human transmission in contrast to animal to human transmission that had been seen previously. Recent data also suggest a possibility of a pre symptomatic spread. After an incubation period of 9 days, patients with Mpox can present with a prodrome of symptoms followed by a rash. If untreated, severe complications develop in the high-risk groups especially children and pregnant woman. Such groups of people will benefit from antiviral treatments. The current approach to prevent against it is pre-exposure and post exposure prophylaxis with vaccines. The vaccines that have been approved by Food and Drug Administration to date is ACAM2000 and JYNNEOS. Several diagnostic methods exist, among which polymerase chain reaction has proven to be the most specific and sensitive. In this review, we will discuss its epidemiology, the clinical manifestations, diagnostic modalities, complications, treatment approaches and preventive measures.
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Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR3569, Paris 75015, France; Vaccine Research Institute, Paris, France. Electronic address:
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Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, People's Republic of China.
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As a zoonotic virus, highly sensitive detection of monkeypox virus is crucial for its prevention and control due to its rapid increase in cases worldwide and the extremely high risk of virus transmission. In this paper, based on the principle of antigen-antibody specific recognition, an ultrasensitive resonance Raman biosensing probe was prepared using a molecule with the bifunctionality of resonance Raman effect and capturing antibody; and with the strong affinity of the biotin-streptavidin (Bio-SA) system, Bio-antibody and SA test strips were prepared. To match the T-line of the test strip, a portable Raman instrument with a strip-shaped spot was designed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRepurposing Drugs for Synergistic Combination Therapies to Counteract Monkeypox Virus Tecovirimat Resistance.
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Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
The ongoing monkeypox (mpox) disease outbreak has spread to multiple countries in Central Africa and evidence indicates it is driven by a more virulent clade I monkeypox virus (MPXV) strain than the clade II strain associated with the 2022 global mpox outbreak, which led the WHO to declare this mpox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. The FDA-approved small molecule antiviral tecovirimat (TPOXX) is recommended to treat mpox cases with severe symptoms, but the limited efficacy of TPOXX and the emergence of TPOXX resistant MPXV variants has challenged this medical practice of care and highlighted the urgent need for alternative therapeutic strategies. In this study we have used vaccinia virus (VACV) as a surrogate of MPXV to assess the antiviral efficacy of combination therapy of TPOXX together with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), an FDA-approved immunosuppressive agent that we have shown to inhibit VACV and MPXV, or the N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) inhibitor IMP-1088.
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