Impact of temporal variations and risk factors associated with udder inflammation in Hardhenu cattle (Bos taurus × Bos indicus).

This study aimed to explore the occurrence and risk factors associated with clinical mastitis within the Hardhenu cattle herd over a span of 14 years (2008-2021). A comprehensive analysis of 1515 lactation records was conducted to ascertain the incidence of clinical mastitis. The investigation determined an overall incidence rate of 26.80% in the studied population. A significant relationship between the year and clinical mastitis incidence was established through Chi-square analysis (p < .05). Temporal variations in clinical mastitis odds were apparent, with the highest odds (ranging from 0.91 to 1.00) observed during the initial years of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010. Logistic regression revealed that odds values for clinical mastitis incidence were highest in 2008-2009 (1.00), succeeded by 2009-2010 (0.91), 2012-2013 (0.88), 2018-2019 (0.67) and reaching the lowest in 2021-2022 (0.35). Subsequent rankings included 2010-2011 (0.39), 2014-2015 (0.43) and 2019-2020 (0.45). Parity was found to be significantly associated with clinical mastitis occurrence. When compared to Parity 3, both Parity 1 (odds ratio: 1.516, 95% confidence interval: 0.881-2.612) and Parity 2 (odds ratio: 2.626, 95% confidence interval: 1.568-4.398) exhibited higher odds values for clinical mastitis incidence. While the period of calving did not exert a significant influence on clinical mastitis incidence, a heightened occurrence was observed during the rainy season within the targeted population. These findings offer valuable insights into the patterns of incidence, temporal fluctuations, and non-genetic determinants impacting clinical mastitis within the Hardhenu cattle. The implications of this study can facilitate the development of targeted strategies and management protocols aimed at enhancing udder health and overall productivity in dairy cattle.