Design and analysis of multi-material structures of 3D printed implants of mandible.

Significant advances in 3D printing technology have paved the way for improvements in the integrity and biological characteristics of polymer implants. The principal objective of this research is the construction of a heterogeneous implant structure using a multi-material approach and 3D printing. Due to their advantageous strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatible polymers have an increasing application in the field of medicine. The osteo-integration process, in which implants bind to the bone over time, can be made more effective by incorporating these materials into implants. In this work, we focused especially on analyzing the strength and integrity of polymer material implants that were created using a combination of different materials, and their stress distribution, and the deformation of these multi-material structures when they were subjected to physiological loading through finite element analysis. The evidence from the frontal bite condition has led to some fascinating conclusions. The variations in stress were observed in homogenous structures, with values ranging from 37.42 MPa for the TPU to 41.07 MPa for the PETG. In contrast, stress distributions in multi-material constructions ranged from 52.31 MPa (in the case of TPU +TPU) to 73.55 MPa (in the case of PLA+ PCL). Similarly, the maximum deformation in homogeneous constructions ranged from 0.81mm (PLA) to 6.85mm (PCL). The deformation of multi-material structures composed of several different materials ranged from 0.68mm (PLA+ PLA) to 5.74 mm (PCL+PCL).These findings provide conclusive evidence that multi-material architectures have a considerable impact on known stress and strain levels. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the combination of PLA+PLA and PLA+PETG displayed deformation that was equivalent to that of the intact bone model while having lower stress levels. The results of this study provide useful information that can be used to select optimal multi-material combinations that can be 3D printed for implants.