Optic Nerve Head Changes Measured by Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Patients with Intracranial Hypertension.

Introduction: This study explored the structural and microvascular changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) of patients with intracranial hypertension (IH) by using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT)/OCT angiography (OCTA) and evaluated their association with clinical features.

Methods: The optic disc morphology, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and microvascular densities of the nerve fiber layer plexus (NFLP), superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) were measured by the SS-OCT/OCTA tool. Frisen score, visual acuity, and intracranial pressure were assessed and recorded in patients with IH.

Results: Sixty-one patients with IH and 65 controls were included in this study. Patients with IH showed thicker pRNFL and GCIPL thickness with larger ONH rim area when compared to controls (P < 0.001). Microvascular densities were increased in NFLP while densities were reduced in SVP, ICP, and DCP when compared to controls (P < 0.001). Structural thickness and microvascular densities were significantly correlated with Frisen scores (P < 0.05) and intracranial pressure (P < 0.05) in patients with IH.

Conclusion: Structural and microvasculature variations of the ONH were found in patients with IH compared to controls. Importantly, we showed that structural and microvascular changes in the ONH were correlated with their Frisen score and intracranial pressure in patients with IH.