AI Article Synopsis
- In 2021, two harmful gram-negative bacterial strains were identified in garlic bulbs from Central Iran, causing decay and soft rot in various plants, including cactus, garlic, and mushrooms.
- Phylogenetic studies classified these strains within a specific clade but revealed they also shared pathogenic traits with multiple historical pathovars, challenging the traditional understanding of their classifications.
- The findings suggest that using phenotypic approaches to identify and classify bacterial strains is less effective than phylogenetic methods, indicating a need for reevaluation in how these bacteria are categorized.
Article Abstract
In 2021, two gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated from garlic () bulbs showing decay and soft rot symptoms in Central Iran. The bacterial strains were aggressively pathogenic on cactus, garlic, gladiolus, onion, potato, and saffron plants and induced soft rot symptoms on carrot, cucumber, potato, and radish discs. Furthermore, they were pathogenic on sporophores of cultivated and wild mushrooms. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the bacterial strains belong to . Garlic bulb rot caused by has rarely been reported in the literature. Historically, strains had been assigned to four pathovars, namely, pv. , pv, pv. , and pv. , infecting onion, sp., and mushrooms and poisoning foods, respectively. Multilocus (i.e., 16S rRNA, , , and genes) sequence-based phylogenetic investigations including reference strains of pathovars showed that the two garlic strains belong to phylogenomic clade 2 of the species, which includes the pathotype strain of pv. . Although the garlic strains were phylogenetically closely related to the pv. reference strains, they possessed pathogenicity characteristics that overlapped with three of the four historical pathovars, including the ability to rot onion (pv. ), gladiolus (pv. ), and mushrooms (pv. ). Furthermore, the pathotype of each pathovar could infect the hosts of other pathovars, undermining the utility of the pathovar concept in this species. Overall, using phenotypic pathovar-oriented assays to classify strains should be replaced by phylogenetic or phylogenomic analysis.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-23-1603-RE | DOI Listing |
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