Toward a Precision Medicine Approach to the Outpatient Assessment and Treatment of Functional Neurological Disorder.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a neuropsychiatric condition. In this field, prospective psychotherapy trials and consensus recommendations for physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech language therapy have been published. However, significant clinical complexities remain. "Rule in" signs - while critical for making a positive diagnosis - do not equate to a personalized treatment plan in many instances. Here, we propose that the neuropsychiatric assessment and real-time development of a work-in-progress biopsychosocial clinical formulation aids the development of a patient-centered outpatient treatment plan. This precision medicine approach is based on the literature, expert opinions and our clinical experience working in an interdisciplinary FND service.