Functional neurologic disorder (FND) is a "rule-in" diagnosis, characterized by positive examination signs or semiological features. Similar to other clinical diagnoses, providers should ideally see robustly present features, including if possible the identification of multiple features consistent with FND for the diagnosis to be made with a high degree of certainty. Diagnostic pitfalls need to be guarded against and vary depending on FND symptom subtype and the specific patient presentation. This perspective article aims to review pitfalls based on an FND symptom subtype, as well as discuss differential diagnostic considerations with respect to both neurologic and psychiatric entities.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ncl.2023.04.001 | DOI Listing |
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol
January 2025
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia," Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania.
The histologic differential diagnosis between intracranial hemangioblastoma (HB) and metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma may be challenging, especially considering that both tumors exhibit clear cell morphology and can be associated with vHL mutation and/or Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. As the execution of immunohistochemical analyses is often mandatory, the expression of PAX8 has been traditionally considered a reliable marker of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, being consistently negative in intracranial HB. However, as in recent years, some cases of PAX8-positive HBs have been reported in the literature; we studied the expression of this antibody on a series of 23 intracranial HB, showing that about 40% of these tumors may express PAX8 and that this immunoreactivity is often focal and weak.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIDCases
December 2024
Department of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgery, The Military Hospital of Instruction of Tunis, Tunisia.
Hydatid disease is endemic in Tunisia. Whereas uncomplicated pulmonary hydatid cysts are easily diagnosed on radiological findings, complicated and atypical forms may be misdiagnosed and confused with other pulmonary lesions, mainly lung malignancies. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman, who presented with a 3-month history of hemoptysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRen Fail
December 2025
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Identifying risk factors for disease onset and progression has been a core focus in nephrology research. Mendelian Randomization (MR) has emerged as a powerful genetic epidemiological approach, utilizing genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to establish causal relationships between modifiable risk factors and kidney disease outcomes. MR uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer causal relationships between exposures and disease outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vis Exp
December 2024
Institute for Synthetic Microbiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University.
With the increasing demand for sustainable biotechnologies, mixed consortia containing a phototrophic microbe and heterotrophic partner species are being explored as a method for solar-driven bioproduction. One approach involves the use of CO2-fixing cyanobacteria that secrete organic carbon to support the metabolism of a co-cultivated heterotroph, which in turn transforms the carbon into higher-value goods or services. In this protocol, a technical description to assist the experimentalist in the establishment of a co-culture combining a sucrose-secreting cyanobacterial strain with a fungal partner(s), as represented by model yeast species, is provided.
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