Identification of Phyllosoma Larvae of the Lobsters and (Crustacea: Scyllaridae) from the SW Indian Ocean.

The accurate assignment of cryptic larvae to species-level is a key aspect of marine ecological research and can be achieved through integrated molecular and morphological studies. A combination of two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S) and a detailed morphological analysis was used to identify phyllosoma larvae of slipper lobster (Scyllaridae) species collected during a survey in the SW Indian Ocean. Two morphotypes were tentatively assigned to and , both genera for which the larval morphology was unknown. Morphological revision of an adult specimen used to generate the putative sequences in GenBank revealed that it was misidentified and corresponds to . The final phyllosoma stage of and subfinal and final stages of were described, clarifying prior misidentifications in the literature. Scyllarid biodiversity in the SW Indian Ocean is underestimated and sampling of deeper water layers is recommended to complete current knowledge of species and larval stages present in the region.