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Exosomes as Modulators and Biomarkers of Transplant Immunity.
Curr Transplant Rep
December 2023
Translational Transplant Research Center and Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Exosomes play a significant role in various biological processes, particularly in modulating immune responses during organ transplants and serving as potential biomarkers for graft function or rejection.!* -
- Their effects on post-transplant immunity can vary, as they are involved in activating anti-donor T cells while also promoting tolerance to specific antigens from the donor.!* -
- Exosomes obtained from blood or urine can be used to differentiate between types of rejection in transplants, showing potential for non-invasive monitoring of graft health.!*
Complement and T cell activation in transplantation.
Transplant Rev (Orlando)
January 2025
Translational Transplant Research Center and Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, NY, USA. Electronic address:
The complement system plays a critical role in modulating adaptive T cell responses. Coordination of the proinflammatory signaling cascade and complement regulators permits efficient T cell priming and survival, while minimizing off-target damage to healthy host cells. In the context of transplantation, anti-donor T cell immunity remains a barrier to long term graft health and complement-targeted therapies have shown the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMarginal Zone B Cells Are Necessary for the Formation of Anti-donor IgG After Allogeneic Sensitization.
Transplantation
June 2024
Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
Background: The formation of anti-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antibodies is a significant barrier for many patients awaiting organ transplantation. Patients with preformed anti-MHC antibodies have limited options for suitable donors, and the formation of donor-specific anti-MHC antibodies after transplantation is a harbinger of graft rejection. Despite the recognized importance of anti-MHC antibodies, the mechanisms responsible for the differentiation of B cells after exposure to allogeneic antigens are poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEndothelial Cell Replacement of Human Veins, Modeling Vascular Repair and Endothelial Cell Chimerism.
Stem Cells Dev
January 2024
Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Allogeneic transplant organs are potentially highly immunogenic. The endothelial cells (ECs) located within the vascular system serve as the primary interface between the recipient's immune system and the donor organ, playing a key role in the alloimmune response. In this study, we investigated the potential use of recipient-derived ECs in a vein recellularization model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransplant Tolerance, Not Only Clonal Deletion.
Front Immunol
May 2022
Immune Tolerance Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Ingham Institute, and Renal Service and Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
The quest to understand how allogeneic transplanted tissue is not rejected and how tolerance is induced led to fundamental concepts in immunology. First, we review the research that led to the Clonal Deletion theory in the late 1950s that has since dominated the field of immunology and transplantation. At that time many basic mechanisms of immune response were unknown, including the role of lymphocytes and T cells in rejection.
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