Background And Aim: Blood parasite infections in poultry, such as , are a serious threat to the poultry industry due to their potential to cause economic losses. To date, there has been inadequate research on the morphological and molecular detection of the different species that infect poultry in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the morphological and molecular characteristics of spp. and the several predisposing factors for infection in layer chickens from three districts of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and five blood samples from layer chickens were collected from 13 farms located in three districts of Yogyakarta (Sleman, Bantul, and Kulon Progo) between September and November 2022. Blood samples were subjected to microscopic and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Sequencing was performed using basic local alignment search tools to identify the nucleotide structure of cytochrome b. Phylogenetic analysis of was performed using the MEGA-X software.

Results: Microscopic examination revealed that 17/105 positives (16.19%) were positive for blood parasite infection. Trophozoites, erythrocytic meronts, and microgametocytes of were found in blood samples. Based on the morphological examination, the species found in the samples was close to . Polymerase chain reaction examination revealed that 21/60 samples were positive for (35%). The species identified from the sequenced samples were proven to be . The from Thailand was closely related to samples (99.64%-100%) with a genetic distance of 0%-1%. In addition, age, population, and cage type were not significantly associated with infection.

Conclusion: Based on microscopic and PCR examinations, the Plasmodium species found in the three districts of Yogyakarta was . The genetic distance between samples from the three districts of Yogyakarta was closely related (0%-1%) to from Thailand and Japan. There was no correlation between infection and age, cage type, or population.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10521189PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2023.1576-1583DOI Listing

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