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Risk Factors for Myopia: A Review. | LitMetric

Risk Factors for Myopia: A Review.

J Clin Med

Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.

Published: September 2023

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Due to the myopia prevalence increase worldwide, this study aims to establish the most relevant risk factors associated with its development and progression. A review search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to identify the main myopia risk factors. The inclusion criteria for the articles were those related to the topic, carried out in subjects from 5 to 30 years, published between January 2000 and May 2023, in English, and with the full text available. Myopia etiology has proven to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors as well as with gene-environment interaction. The risk of developing myopia increases in children with myopic parents (one parent ×2 times, two parents ×5 times). Regarding environmental factors, education is the main risk factor correlated with myopia prevalence increase. Further, several studies found that shorter distance (<30 cm) and longer time spent (>30 min) for near work increase the risk of myopia. Meanwhile, increased outdoor activity (>40 min/day) has been shown to be a key factor in reducing myopia incidence. In conclusion, the interventional strategy suggested so far to reduce myopia incidence is an increase in time outdoors and a reduction in the time spent performing near-work tasks.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10532298PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12186062DOI Listing

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