The first-generation tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors, larotrectinib and entrectinib, represent exciting new developments in cancer treatment that offer relevant, rapid, and long-lasting clinical benefits. Larotrectinib and entrectinib are recommended as first-line treatments for locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with positive TRK gene fusions. In this study, using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database between 2019 and 2022, a retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate the safety profiles of these drugs. During our study period, 807 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) related to larotrectinib or entrectinib were retrieved from the FAERS database, of which 48.7% referred to females and 24.7% referred to adult patients (18-64 years) with a median age of 61.0 years. A total of 1728 adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were identified. The most frequently reported ADRs were dizziness and pain, which belong to the System Organ Classes (SOCs) "nervous system disorders" and "general disorders and administration site conditions". Regarding all ADRs, the median time to onset was 37.0 days for larotrectinib and 12.0 days for entrectinib. No evident safety concerns emerged in the long-term safety profiles (>365 days). Only 18 ICSRs were related to pediatric populations (≤16 years), of which 94.0% of the ICSRs were related to larotrectinib. The median age was 10.5 years, while most patients were female (44.4%). Our results show favorable risk-benefit profiles for larotrectinib and entrectinib. Considering the increased use of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitors, continuous safety monitoring of larotrectinib and entrectinib is required for the detection of possible new adverse drug reactions.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092538 | DOI Listing |
Endocr Relat Cancer
January 2025
A Nikitski, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15261, United States.
Approximately 10-20% of thyroid cancers are driven by gene fusions, which activate oncogenic signaling through aberrant overexpression, ligand-independent dimerization, or loss of inhibitory motifs. We identified 13 thyroid tumors with thyroglobulin (TG) gene fusions and aimed to assess their histopathology and the fusions' oncogenic and tumorigenic properties. Of 11 cases with surgical pathology, 82% were carcinomas and 18% noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasms with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
December 2024
Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JZ, UK.
There has been noteworthy progress in molecular characterisation and therapeutics in soft tissue sarcomas. Novel agents have gained regulatory approval by the FDA. Examples are the tyrosine kinase inhibitors avapritinib and ripretinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), the immune check point inhibitor atezolizumab in alveolar soft part tissue sarcoma, the γ-secretase inhibitor nirogacestat in desmoid tumours, the NTRK inhibitors larotrectinib and entrectinib in tumours with fusions, the mTOR inhibitor nab-sirolimus in PEComa, and the EZH-2 inhibitor tazemetostat in epithelioid sarcoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed
January 2025
Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; WIN Consortium, Paris, France; University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA. Electronic address:
Tumor-agnostic US Food and Drug Administration approvals are transforming oncology. They include larotrectinib/entrectinib/repotrectinib (NTRK fusions), selpercatinib (RET fusions), dabrafenib/trametinib (BRAF mutations), pembrolizumab/dostarlimab (microsatellite instability), pembrolizumab (high tumor mutational burden), and trastuzumab deruxtecan (HER2 3+ expression) (all solid cancers). Pemigatinib is approved for FGFR1-rearranged myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancers (Basel)
October 2024
Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, 874 American Pacific Dr, Henderson, NV 89014, USA.
Recent advancements in oncology have led to the development of histology-agnostic therapies, which target genetic alterations irrespective of the tumor's tissue of origin. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive update on the current state of histology-agnostic drug development, focusing on key therapies, including pembrolizumab, larotrectinib, entrectinib, dostarlimab, dabrafenib plus trametinib, selpercatinib, trastuzumab deruxtecan, and reprotrectinib. We performed a detailed analysis of each therapy's mechanism of action, clinical trial outcomes, and associated biomarkers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCarcinogenesis
November 2024
Early-Phase Drug Development, Sarah Cannon Research Institute, 335 24th Avenue North Suite 300, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
Precision oncology and tumor-agnostic drug development provide hope for enhancing outcomes among patients with pancreatic cancer. Tumor-agnostic therapies have emerged across various tumor types, driven by insights into shared biomarkers. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the prevalence of the KRAS gene mutation is noteworthy.
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