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Cushing syndrome.
Nat Rev Dis Primers
January 2025
Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Québec, Canada.
Cushing syndrome (CS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms caused by excessive exposure to exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Endogenous CS is caused by increased cortisol production by one or both adrenal glands (adrenal CS) or by elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from a pituitary tumour (Cushing disease (CD)) or non-pituitary tumour (ectopic ACTH secretion), which stimulates excessive cortisol production. CS is associated with severe multisystem morbidity, including impaired cardiovascular and metabolic function, infections and neuropsychiatric disorders, which notably reduce quality of life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Rare Case of Anti-Caspr2 Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with a Testicular Mixed Germ Cell Tumor.
J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine, HCA Healthcare, MountainView Hospital, 2880 N Tenaya Way, 89128, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE) is a poorly understood condition, thought to be caused by the cross-reacting of tumor antibodies with neurons in the brain, resulting in neuropsychiatric sequelae, such as personality and behavioral changes, psychosis, memory loss, and seizures. Anti-contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) antibodies can cause PLE in patients with particular tumors, which in most cases can be identified as thymoma, lung cancer, or endometrial cancer. Some case reports show rare instances with other tumors, such as throat or sigmoid carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReward Decision Network Disconnection in Poststroke Apathy: A Prospective Multimodality Imaging Study.
Hum Brain Mapp
February 2025
Department of Neurology, Centre for Leading Medicine and Advanced Technologies of IHM, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Apathy is a common neuropsychiatric symptom following stroke, characterized by reduced goal-directed behavior. The reward decision network (RDN), which plays a crucial role in regulating goal-directed behaviors, is closely associated with apathy. However, the relationship between poststroke apathy (PSA) and RDN dysfunction remains unclear due to apathy heterogeneity, the confounding effect of depression and individual variability in lesion impacts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical and radiological characteristics and 1-year self-reported outcomes from patients with encephalitis and coronavirus disease 2019.
J Med Case Rep
January 2025
Neurology Service, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
Introduction: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection is responsible for multisystemic disease and has high transmissibility. It culminated in a pandemic, challenging scientific knowledge and care capacity. Neurological symptoms are highly prevalent, and cases of encephalitis have been described, in both peri- and postinfectious periods.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaternal Cannabis Use During Pregnancy and Neuropsychiatric Adverse Outcomes During Childhood and Early Adult Life.
J Clin Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India, Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing; the study of adverse outcomes in cannabis-exposed pregnancies is therefore important. Previous articles in this series described increased risks of maternal adverse outcomes, fetal adverse outcomes, birth defects in newborns, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in childhood. This article examines neuropsychiatric adverse outcomes in offspring gestationally exposed to cannabis.
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