Antagonistic Activity of Oroxylin A against and Its Inhibitory Effect on Zearalenone Production.

produces zearalenone (ZEA), a mycotoxin that is widely found in food and feed products and is toxic to humans and livestock. extract (PSE) inhibits , and Oroxylin A appears to be a major antifungal compound in PSE. The aim of this study is to quantify the Oroxylin A content in PSE using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, and to investigate the antagonistic activity of Oroxylin A against and its inhibitory effect on ZEA production. The results indicate that Oroxylin A inhibits both fungal growth and ZEA production in a dose-dependent manner. Oroxylin A treatment downregulated the mRNA expression of zearalenone biosynthesis protein 1 () and zearalenone biosynthesis protein 2 (). The metabolomics analysis of mycelia indicated that the level of ribose 5-phosphate (R5P) deceased ( < 0.05) after Oroxylin A treatment (64-128 ng/mL). Moreover, as the Oroxylin A treatment content increased from 64 to 128 ng/mL, the levels of -aconitate ( < 0.05) and fumarate ( < 0.01) were upregulated successively. A correlation analysis further showed that the decreased R5P level was positively correlated with and expression, while the increased -aconitate and fumarate levels were negatively correlated with and expression. These findings demonstrate the potential of Oroxylin A as a natural agent to control toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxin.