Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
In the contemporary world, wearable electronics and smart textiles/fabrics are galvanizing a transformation of the health care, aerospace, military, and commercial industries. However, a major challenge that exists is the manufacture of electronic circuits directly on fabrics. In this work, we addressed the issue by developing a sequential manufacturing process. First, the target fabric was coated with a customized ink containing lignin. Next, a desired circuit layout was patterned by laser burning lignin, converting it to carbon and establishing a conductive template on the fabric. At last, using an in-house-designed printer, a devised localized hydrogen evolution-assisted (HEA) copper electroplating method was applied to metalize the surface of the laser-burned lignin pattern to achieve a very low resistive circuit layout (0.103 Ω for a 1 cm long interconnect). The nanostructure and material composition of the different layers were investigated via scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Monitoring the conductivity change before and after bending, rolling, stretching, washing, and adhesion tests presented remarkable mechanical stability due to the entanglement of the copper nanostructure to the fibers of the fabric. Furthermore, the HEA method was used to solder a light-emitting diode to a patterned circuit on the fabric by growing copper at the terminals, creating interconnects. The presented sequential printing method has the potential for fabricating reliable wearable electronics for various applications, particularly in medical monitoring.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c11814 | DOI Listing |
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