What are the factors that drive the patterns and evolutionary rates of morphological characteristics? To answer this question, Hunt et al. explore shape variation and rates of change in modern avian skulls using morphometric measurements and phylogenetic analyses. They find that habitat density and migration have the strongest influences on avian skull variation and that denser habitats, longer migratory distances, and precocial developmental modes are all associated with faster rates of morphological evolution.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|---|
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/evolut/qpad165 | DOI Listing |
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Amniote skulls are diverse in shape and skeletal composition, which is the basis of much adaptive diversification within this clade. Major differences in skull shape are established early in development, at a critical developmental interval spanning the initial outgrowth and fusion of the facial processes. In birds, this is orchestrated by domains of Shh and Fgf8 expression, known as the frontonasal ectodermal zone (FEZ).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Avian Med Surg
January 2025
Stahl Exotic Animal Veterinary Services, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
A 9-week-old male umbrella cockatoo () presented with mandibular prognathism. The rostral rhinothecal tomial length appeared subjectively shorter than the rostral gnathothecal length, which was subjectively rostrally elongated. After an initial orthosis failed, a second orthosis was designed that employed the use of an orthopedic wire anchor in the rostral end of the rhinotheca, leaving the premaxillary bone undisturbed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn N Y Acad Sci
January 2025
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Among hornbill birds, the critically endangered helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) is notable for its casque (a bulbous beak protrusion) being filled with trabeculae and fronted by a very thick keratin layer. Casque function is debated but appears central to aerial jousting, where birds (typically males) collide casques at high speeds in a mid-flight display that is audible for more than 100 m. We characterized the structural relationship between the skull and casque anatomy using X-ray microtomography and quantitative trabecular network analysis to examine how the casque sustains extreme impact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anat
December 2024
Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra (CICTERRA), UNC, CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
Teratornithidae is an extinct bird family, likely related to Cathartidae, known exclusively from the Americas. They were once thought to be scavengers, but recent theories suggest they were opportunistic or piscivorous birds capable of swallowing prey whole. The most notable species, Argentavis magnificens, had a wingspan of 6 to 8 m and weighed 70 to 80 kg.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVirol J
November 2024
Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) induces severe immunosuppression in chickens, leading to significant economic losses in the global poultry industry. This study investigated 52 chicken flocks, including commercial broilers, layers, and baladi, from various Egyptian governorates in 2023. These flocks exhibited symptoms of depression, along with kidney and bursa lesions, indicative of IBDV infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!