Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and reliability testing of the barriers to physical activity and Disability survey (B-PADS) for Thai people with Spinal Cord injury.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Barriers to Physical Activity and Disability Survey (B-PADS) into the Thai context and to assess its inter- and intra-rater reliability.

Methods: Participants were experts in the field of spinal cord injury (SCI,  = 3), linguistic experts ( = 7), Thai-English bilingual speakers ( = 40), Thai physiotherapists ( = 8), and people with SCI living in Thailand ( = 43). The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the B-PADS into the Thai context was conducted using a 6-step process; forward translation, reconciliation of the two translated versions, backward-translation, harmonisation, backward-translation of the revised version, and cognitive debriefing with potential users and target population. The reliability of the translated tool was assessed using Cohen's kappa (K) and McNemar's test.

Results: The inter-rater reliability test demonstrated high-range agreement for the majority of statements (27 out of 38; Cohen's  > 0.60) in the Thai-B-PADS final version. The intra-rater reliability test revealed that the majority of the statements (29 out of 38) in the Thai-B-PADS final version obtained substantial (Cohen's  = 0.61-0.80,  < 0.05) to perfect agreement (Cohen's  = 1.0,  < 0.05). McNemar's test displayed no statistically significant differences amongst assessors ( > 0.05) for nearly all statements.

Conclusion: The Thai-B-PADS final version was successfully translated and culturally adapted for people with SCI.