PDC-Net: parallel dilated convolutional network with channel attention mechanism for pituitary adenoma segmentation.

Accurate segmentation of the medical image is the basis and premise of intelligent diagnosis and treatment, which has a wide range of clinical application value. However, the robustness and effectiveness of medical image segmentation algorithms remains a challenging subject due to the unbalanced categories, blurred boundaries, highly variable anatomical structures and lack of training samples. For this reason, we present a parallel dilated convolutional network (PDC-Net) to address the pituitary adenoma segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging images. Firstly, the standard convolution block in U-Net is replaced by a basic convolution operation and a parallel dilated convolutional module (PDCM), to extract the multi-level feature information of different dilations. Furthermore, the channel attention mechanism (CAM) is integrated to enhance the ability of the network to distinguish between lesions and non-lesions in pituitary adenoma. Then, we introduce residual connections at each layer of the encoder-decoder, which can solve the problem of gradient disappearance and network performance degradation caused by network deepening. Finally, we employ the dice loss to deal with the class imbalance problem in samples. By testing on the self-established patient dataset from Quzhou People's Hospital, the experiment achieves 90.92% of Sensitivity, 99.68% of Specificity, 88.45% of Dice value and 79.43% of Intersection over Union (IoU).