We present a design approach for a long-distance optical camera communication (OCC) system using side-emitting fibers as distributed transmitters. We demonstrate our approach feasibility by increasing the transmission distance by two orders up to 40 m compared to previous works. Furthermore, we explore the effect of the light-emitting diode (LED) modulation frequency and rolling shutter camera exposure time on inter-symbol interference and its effective mitigation. Our proposed OCC-fiber link meets the forward-error-correction (FEC) limit of 3.8 · 10 of bit error rate (BER) for up to 35 m (with BER= 3.35 · 10) and 40 m (with BER=1.13 · 10) using 2-mm and 3-mm diameter side-emitting fibers, respectively. Our results at on-off keying modulation frequencies of 3.54 kHz and 5.28 kHz pave the way to moderate-distance outdoor and long-distance indoor highly-reliable applications in the Internet of Things and OCC using side-emitting fiber-based distributed transmitters.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.495805 | DOI Listing |
Adv Mater
December 2024
INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Side-emitting optical fibers allow light to be deliberately outcoupled along the fiber. Introducing a customized side-emission profile requires modulation of the guiding and emitting properties along the fiber length, which is a particular challenge in continuous processing of soft waveguides. In this work, it is demonstrated that multimaterial extrusion printing can generate hydrogel optical fibers with tailored segments for light-side emission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
November 2024
Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 3, LV-1004 Riga, Latvia.
Multispectral imaging can provide objective quantitative data on various clinical pathologies, e.g., abnormal content of bio-substances in human skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper presents an experimental evaluation of two types of light-emitting diode (LED)-based distributed transmitters, namely an LED strip and an LED-coupled side-emitting optical fiber, in both laboratory and wearable optical camera communication (OCC) systems. We study the system performance in terms of success of reception (SoR) with regard to the transmission distance. The best value of SoR is achieved when the camera is facing directly to the transmitter (T) from a close distance of 1 m.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
August 2024
Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States.
Microbiol Spectr
June 2024
Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA.
The growth of pathogenic bacteria in moist and wet surfaces and tubing of medically relevant devices results in serious infections in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we investigated and demonstrated the successful implementation of a UV-C side-emitting optical fiber in disinfecting medically relevant pathogenic bacteria ( and Methicillin-resistant [MRSA]) within tight channels of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). PTFE is a commonly used material both in point-of-use (POU) water treatment technologies and medical devices (dental unit water line [DUWL], endoscope).
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