Integrative conjugative elements mediate the high prevalence of in spp. of animal source.

The emergence and spread of have greatly weakened the function of tigecycline. Although studies have demonstrated the significance of as carriers for , the epidemic mechanism and characteristics of in remain unclear. Herein, we deciphered that the gene in VRIII of SXT/R391 ICEs was a hotspot for the integration of -bearing mobile genetic elements by genomic analysis. The mobilization and dissemination of in were mediated by highly prevalent ICEs. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of -bearing ICEs with other chromosomally encoded multidrug resistance gene islands warned that the chromosomes of are significant reservoirs of ARGs. Overall, our results provide significant insights for the prevention and control of in .