Objectives: To investigate the effects of low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) training on shoulder muscle thickness, rotator cuff (RC) strength, and shoulder symptoms in patients with RC tendinopathy.
Design: A randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled trial.
Settings: Physiotherapy clinic at a university.
Participants: Twenty-eight patients were randomized into an 8-week (2 times/week) shoulder rehabilitation, that is, BFR or non-BFR group.
Interventions: BFR training.
Main Outcome Measures: (1) RC, deltoid, scapula retractor, and biceps muscle thicknesses and shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strengths. (2) Shoulder pain/function.
Results: The BFR group had a greater increase in biceps muscle thickness ( P = 0.002) and shoulder IR strength at 60 degrees/s ( P = 0.040) than the non-BFR group. No differences between the 2 groups were observed in other measurements. Significant improvements in supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and scapula retractor muscle thicknesses and in shoulder ER and IR strengths were observed over time in both the groups (all P < 0 .05). Also, shoulder pain decreased and shoulder function increased over time in both the groups (all P < 0 .05).
Conclusions: Low-load BFR training resulted in a greater increase in biceps thickness and shoulder IR strength compared with the non-BFR group in patients with RC tendinopathy. However, there was no superiority of either exercise training regarding the RC, scapula retractor, deltoid muscle thicknesses, or improvements in shoulder ER strength and shoulder pain/function.
Clinical Trial Registry Name And Registration Number: The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov named Blood Flow Restriction Training in Patients with Shoulder Pain and the registration number is NCT04333784.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000001191 | DOI Listing |
J Orthop Surg Res
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Henry Ford Health, 2799 W. Grand Blvd CFP-6, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Yueyang Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China. Electronic address:
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Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Health Science University, Sultan Abdulhamid Han Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkiye.
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Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.
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December 2024
Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied both in research settings and clinically, notably in treating depression through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We have recently shown that transcranial alternating current stimulation of the dlPFC partially entrains muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the stimulus. We, therefore, aimed to further explore the sympathetic properties of the dlPFC, hypothesizing that single-pulse TMS could generate de novo MSNA bursts.
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