Inhibitory neurons which express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, VIPs, are a small subset of the mammalian cortex but in importance live up to their acronym. New research shows that these critical control knobs of cortical activity are specifically activated by actions taken when rewards are anticipated rather than consummated.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2023.07.059 | DOI Listing |
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Perineuronal nets on CA2 pyramidal cells and parvalbumin-expressing cells differentially regulate hippocampal dependent memory.
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Neurobiology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, USA
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are a specialized extracellular matrix that surround certain populations of neurons, including (inhibitory) parvalbumin (PV) expressing-interneurons throughout the brain and (excitatory) CA2 pyramidal neurons in hippocampus. PNNs are thought to regulate synaptic plasticity by stabilizing synapses and as such, could regulate learning and memory. Most often, PNN functions are queried using enzymatic degradation with chondroitinase, but that approach does not differentiate PNNs on CA2 neurons from those on adjacent PV cells.
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Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plays a crucial role in primate cognition, integrating multimodal information to generate top-down signals for cognitive control. During cognitive tasks, the DLPFC displays activity patterns of exceptional complexity and duration not observed in other cortical areas or species. These activity patterns are likely associated with the unique physiological and morphological properties of primate DLPFC pyramidal neurons (PNs).
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Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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Proximity-dependent biotinylation coupled with mass spectrometry enables the characterization of subcellular proteomes. This technique has significantly advanced neuroscience by revealing sub-synaptic protein networks, such as the synaptic cleft and post-synaptic density. Profiling proteins at this detailed level is essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of neuronal connectivity and transmission.
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The GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are G protein-coupled receptors with critical, yet opposite, roles in regulating energy balance. Interestingly, these receptors are expressed in overlapping brain regions. However, the extent to which they target the same neurons and engage in molecular crosstalk remains unclear.
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