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Mapping of c-Fos Expression in Rat Brain Sub/Regions Following Chronic Social Isolation: Effective Treatments of Olanzapine, Clozapine or Fluoxetine.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, "VINČA" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
The c-Fos as a marker of cell activation is used to identify brain regions involved in stimuli processing. This review summarizes a pattern of c-Fos immunoreactivity and the overlapping brain sub/regions which may provide hints for the identification of neural circuits that underlie depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors of adult male rats following three and six weeks of chronic social isolation (CSIS), relative to controls, as well as the antipsychotic-like effects of olanzapine (Olz), and clozapine (Clz), and the antidepressant-like effect of fluoxetine (Flx) in CSIS relative to CSIS alone. Additionally, drug-treated controls relative to control rats were also characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGFAP expression in the BRAIN during human postnatal development.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol
October 2024
Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry was investigated in the developing human brain using two measures; the number of GFAP-positive cells (density, GFAP+/mm), and a reactivity score (R-score), which we recently introduced to indicate astrogliosis, with scores ≥120 indicative of pathological processes. The primary aim was to report on GFAP expression and cell soma size in 26 microscopically defined regions of the amygdala, basal ganglia, cerebellum, hippocampus and medulla, and to determine whether they are affected by postconceptional age (PCA) from 40 to 83 weeks. The secondary aim was to determine if GFAP expression differs according to the classification of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) as opposed to infant deaths of known causes, or for the presence of major SIDS risk factors of male sex, cigarette smoke exposure, upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), bed-sharing and prone sleeping.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative basolateral amygdala connectomics reveals dissociable single-neuron projection patterns to frontal cortex in macaques and mice.
Curr Biol
July 2024
Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Lipschultz Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. Electronic address:
Basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key hub for affect in the brain, and dysfunction within this area contributes to a host of psychiatric disorders. BLA is extensively and reciprocally interconnected with frontal cortex, and some aspects of its function are evolutionarily conserved across rodents, anthropoid primates, and humans. Neuron density in BLA is substantially lower in primates compared to murine rodents, and frontal cortex (FC) is dramatically expanded in primates, particularly the more anterior granular and dysgranular areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathologic correlates of aging-related tau astrogliopathy: ARTAG is associated with LATE-NC and cerebrovascular pathologies, but not with ADNC.
Neurobiol Dis
February 2024
Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America. Electronic address:
Age-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) is detectable in the brains of over one-third of autopsied persons beyond age 80, but the pathoetiology of ARTAG is poorly understood. Insights can be gained by analyzing risk factors and comorbid pathologies. Here we addressed the question of which prevalent co-pathologies are observed with increased frequency in brains with ARTAG.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe sexually divergent cFos activation map of fear extinction.
Heliyon
January 2024
Department of Clinical Psychology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Objective: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. Exposure therapy is a common treatment for PTSD, but it has varying levels of efficacy depending on sex. In this study, we aimed to compare the sexual dimorphism in brain activation during the extinction of fear conditioning in male and female rats by detecting the c-fos levels in the whole brain.
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