Combination chemotherapy for soft-tissue sarcomas: a phase III study.

A total of 144 patients with advanced sarcomas were entered into a randomized prospective protocol with four treatment arms utilizing different combinations of chemotherapeutic agents. Of these, 120 patients (83%) were judged acceptable. Treatment 1: actinomycin-D (Act-D), 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM), 4 mg PO, days 1--10 every six weeks. Treatment 2: Act-D, 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; L-PAM, 4 mg PO, days 1--10; vincristine, 1 mg IV, days 1, 8, 15, 22, 29, 36, repeat every six weeks. Treatment 3: Act-D, 0.01 mg/kg IV, days 1--5; L-PAM, 4 mg PO, DAYS 1--10; NSC-1026, 200 mg/kg IV, days 1--6. Treatment 4: Adriamycin, 0.4 mg/kg IV, days 1, 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, then 2XWK starting day 15 (max. 1,200 mg). There was a provision that upon progression of the disease in the first three treatment regimens, patients would be crossed over to Treatment 4. Responses were as follows: 1 - Partial Response (PR) 1/25; No Change (NC) 9/25 (36%). gF2 - NC 17/26 (65%). 3 - NC 13/25 (52%). 4 - Complete Response (CR) 1/41; PR 6/41; (15%); NC 27/41 (66%). Clearly Treatment 4 was the best arm, with a 17% response rate and an initial progression rate of 17%. The only other response was a partial in 1. The difference is statistically significant (H = 17.247, P = 0.0006). If the responders to Adriamycin were analyzed without crossovers, the response rate would be 22% (6/27). (H = 14.079, P = 0.003). Median times to progression were 12.5, 8.7 weeks for 1 and 2, and 5 weeks for 3 and 4. There was no significant difference in the median survival times among the four treatment arms. It appears that Adriamycin as a single drug is superior to the drug combinations and would probably be even more effective used in combination with known active agents.