Background: Transplantation of stem cells/scaffold is an efficient approach for treating tissue injury including full-thickness skin defects. However, the application of stem cells is limited by preservation issues, ethical restriction, low viability, and immune rejection . The mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium is abundant in bioactive functional factors, making it a viable alternative to living cells in regeneration medicine.
Methods: Nasal mucosa-derived ecto-mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) of rats were identified and grown in suspension sphere-forming 3D culture. The EMSCs-conditioned medium (EMSCs-CM) was collected, lyophilized, and analyzed for its bioactive components. Next, fibrinogen and chitosan were further mixed and cross-linked with the lyophilized powder to obtain functional skin patches. Their capacity to gradually release bioactive substances and biocompatibility with epidermal cells were assessed . Finally, a full-thickness skin defect model was established to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the skin patch.
Results: The EMSCs-CM contains abundant bioactive proteins including VEGF, KGF, EGF, bFGF, SHH, IL-10, and fibronectin. The bioactive functional composite skin patch containing EMSCs-CM lyophilized powder showed the network-like microstructure could continuously release the bioactive proteins, and possessed ideal biocompatibility with rat epidermal cells . Transplantation of the composite skin patch could expedite the healing of the full-thickness skin defect by promoting endogenous epidermal stem cell proliferation and skin appendage regeneration in rats.
Conclusion: In summary, the bioactive functional composite skin patch containing EMSCs-CM lyophilized powder can effectively accelerate skin repair, which has promising application prospects in the treatment of skin defects.
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