Potential association of HSPD1 with dysregulations in ribosome biogenesis and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma: An integrated bioinformatic approach.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a major histological subtype of lung cancer with a high mortality rate worldwide. Heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1, also known as HSP60) is reported to be increased in tumor tissues of lung cancer patients compared with healthy control tissues.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the roles of HSPD1 in prognosis, carcinogenesis, and immune infiltration in LUAD using an integrative bioinformatic analysis.

Methods: HSPD1 expression in LUAD was investigated in several transcriptome-based and protein databases. Survival analysis was performed using the KM plotter and OSluca databases, while prognostic significance was independently confirmed through univariate and multivariate analyses. Integrative gene interaction network and enrichment analyses of HSPD1-correlated genes were performed to investigate the roles of HSPD1 in LUAD carcinogenesis. TIMER and TISIDB were used to analyze correlation between HSPD1 expression and immune cell infiltration.

Results: The mRNA and protein expressions of HSPD1 were higher in LUAD compared with normal tissues. High HSPD1 expression was associated with male gender and LUAD with advanced stages. High HSPD1 expression was an independent prognostic factor associated with poor survival in LUAD patients. HSPD1-correlated genes with prognostic impact were mainly involved in aberrant ribosome biogenesis, while LUAD patients with high HSPD1 expression had low tumor infiltrations of activated and immature B cells and CD4+ T cells.

Conclusions: HSPD1 may play a role in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and B cell-mediated immunity in LUAD. It could serve as a predictive biomarker for prognosis and immunotherapy response in LUAD.