Relationship Between Violence Against Women, Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Mental Health in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

J Interpers Violence

Princess Nora Bent Abdullah Chair for Women's Health Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Published: January 2024

The objectives of this study were to measure the prevalence of mental distress and to explore the relationship between violence against women (VAW), social support, self-esteem, and mental distress in women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire-guided, cross-sectional, interview-based study was conducted with 1,932 women, in primary healthcare centers. Around 29% reported moderate to severe distress levels, whereas 40% of women reported lifetime exposure to at least one type of violence. Linear regression analysis found that VAW was positively associated with mental distress with a unit increase associated with a 0.13 (0.58, 1.15) increase in distress level, whereas, for both social support and self-esteem, a unit increase in violence was associated with -0.23 (-0.47, -0.32) and -0.22 (-0.49, -0.33) unit decrease in the mental distress. Structural equation modeling found that violence had direct significant negative effects on social support (β = -.156,  < .001) and self-esteem (β = -.135,  < .001). Both social support (β = -.266,  < .001) and self-esteem (β = -.183,  < .001) had direct significant negative effects on distress. VAW exerted a direct significant positive effect on distress (β = .171,  < .001) as well as an indirect effect (β = .068,  < .001). Both social support (β = .044,  < .001) and self-esteem (β = .025,  < .001) were significant mediators of the effect of violence on mental distress. VAW can lead to mental distress and low self-esteem. Identification, counseling, and social support for women are important to improve their self-confidence and reduce the adverse effects of violence.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08862605231197135DOI Listing

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