Int J Mol Sci
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Published: August 2023
The optical properties of indocyanine green (ICG) as a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence dye depend on the nature of the solvent medium and the dye concentration. In the ICG absorption spectra of water, at high concentrations, there were absorption maxima at 700 nm, implying H-aggregates. With ICG dilution, the main absorption peak was at 780 nm, implying monomers. However, in ethanol, the absorption maximum was 780 nm, and the shapes of the absorption spectra were identical regardless of the ICG concentration, indicating that ICG in ethanol exists only as a monomer without H-aggregates. We found that emission was due to the monomer form and decreased with H-aggregate formation. In the fluorescence spectra, the 820 nm emission band was dominant at low concentrations, whereas at high concentrations, we found that the emission peaks were converted to 880 nm, suggesting a new form via the twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process of ICG. The NIR fluorescence intensity of ICG in ethanol was approximately 12- and 9-times brighter than in water in the NIR-I and -II regions, respectively. We propose an energy diagram of ICG to describe absorptive and emissive transitions through the ICG structures such as the monomer, H-aggregated, and TICT monomer forms.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713030 | DOI Listing |
Acta Physiol (Oxf)
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Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Int J Nanomedicine
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Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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January 2025
National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, PR China. Electronic address:
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