Several limitations hinder the industrial-scale implementation of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass, especially the quality of as-carbonized hydrochar. This work investigates solvent extraction of hydrochars to enhance their potential applications. Hydrochars were produced at several HTC temperatures (190, 220, 250 °C) from cellulose and extracted using combinations of green polar solvents (ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol). Results show that the composition of the extractable fraction resembles that of the HTC liquor, rich in carboxylic acids and furan derivatives, while the non-extractable solid phase shows improved thermal profiles devoid of highly volatile compounds. Carbon microspheres (non-dissolvable secondary char) are unaffected by extraction. The organics adsorbed on the hydrochar surface comprise highly volatile species and solvent washing effectively removes them.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129724 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) transforms waste biomass, particularly high nitrogen feedstocks like kitchen garbage and blue-green algae, into valuable resources, but the characteristics of small hydrochar particles remain underexplored.
- Hydrochar particles show unique properties such as poor porosity, moderate pH, negative charge, and high hydrophobicity, which differ from the original hydrochar and secondary char derived from simpler biomasses.
- The study identifies complex formation mechanisms through various chemical reactions in the hydrochar microparticles, highlighting their potential as soil fertilizers and decontaminants while emphasizing that effectiveness is influenced by HTC temperature and type of biomass used.
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