Severity: Warning
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Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php
Line Number: 177
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Filename: Session/Session.php
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File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 249
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 249
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: strpos(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($haystack) of type string is deprecated
Filename: models/Detail_model.php
Line Number: 71
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File: /var/www/html/application/models/Detail_model.php
Line: 71
Function: strpos
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 252
Function: insertAPISummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: 8192
Message: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 8919
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 8919
Function: str_replace
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: formatAIDetailSummary
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "choices"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
Severity: Warning
Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 256
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 256
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Trying to access array offset on value of type null
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
Line Number: 257
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 257
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 258
Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Message: Undefined array key "usage"
Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
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Filename: controllers/Detail.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
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Function: _error_handler
File: /var/www/html/index.php
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Function: require_once
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Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
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Function: file_get_contents
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Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
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Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
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Function: pubMedSearch_Global
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Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
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Function: require_once
In this study, we describe the generation of two new species of axenic mosquito, and . Along with , axenic larvae of these three species were exposed to an environmental water source to document the assembly of the microbiome in a common garden experiment. Additionally, the larvae were reared either individually or combinatorially with the other species to characterize the effects of co-rearing on the composition of the microbiome. We found that the microbiome of the larvae was composed of a relatively low-diversity collection of bacteria from the colonizing water. The abundance of bacteria in the water was a poor predictor of their abundance in the larvae, suggesting the larval microbiome is made up of a subset of relatively rare aquatic bacteria. We found 11 bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were conserved among ≥90% of the mosquitoes sampled, including 2 found in 100% of the larvae, pointing to a conserved core of bacteria capable of colonizing all three species of mosquito. Yet, the abundance of these ASVs varied widely between larvae, suggesting individuals harbored largely unique microbiome structures, even if they overlapped in membership. Finally, larvae reared in a tripartite mix of the host-species consistently showed a convergence in the structure of their microbiome, indicating that multi-species interactions between hosts potentially lead to shifts in the composition of their respective microbiomes. IMPORTANCE This study is the first report of the axenic (free of external microbes) rearing of two species of mosquito, and . Our previous report of axenic brings the number of axenic species to three. We designed a method to perform a common garden experiment to characterize the bacteria the three species of axenic larvae assemble from their surroundings. Furthermore, species could be reared in isolation or in multi-species combinations to assess how host-species interactions influence the composition of the microbiome. We found all three species recruited a common core of bacteria from their rearing water, with a large contingent of rare and sporadically detected bacteria. Finally, we also show that co-rearing of mosquito larvae leads to a coalescence in the composition of their microbiome, indicating that host-species interactions potentially influence the composition of the microbiome.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537770 | PMC |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00778-23 | DOI Listing |
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