Effects of Multi-Dimensional Nursing Based on HAPA Theory on Self-Care Ability and Cardiac Function in Patients with Coronary Heart Failure and Heart Failure.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-dimensional nursing based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory on self-care ability and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure. To explore the effects of multi-dimensional nursing based on the health action process approach (HAPA) theory on self-care ability and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure.

Methods: A total of 94 patients with CHD and heart failure admitted to the hospital were enrolled between January 2021 and October 2022. The random number table method divided them into a control group (47 cases, routine nursing in cardiology department) and observation group (47 cases, multi-dimensional nursing based on HAPA theory, which is a mental model used to explain and predict the health behavior of individuals). Before and after the intervention, self-care ability, negative emotions, cardiac function and quality of life in both groups were evaluated by the exercise of self-care agency scale (ESCA), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), 6-minute walking test, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire (MLWHFQ).

Results: During the study period, at discharge, self-care ability in both groups was improved, which was better in the observation group than the control group (P < .05). At discharge, SAS and SDS scores in both groups were decreased, which were lower in the observation group than control group (P < .05). At 6 weeks after discharge, cardiac function (LVEF, 6 min walking distance) in both groups was improved, and the improvement effect was better in the observation group than control group (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the quality of life at discharge and 6 weeks after discharge in the observation group (P > .05), but it was worse in the control group at 6 weeks after discharge (P < .05).

Conclusions: Multi-dimensional nursing based on HAPA theory can significantly improve self-care ability, improve cardiac function, and quality of life in patients with CHD and heart failure.