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| http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_405_23 | DOI Listing |
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Quantifying Plasmodium vivax radical cure efficacy: a modelling study integrating clinical trial data and transmission dynamics.
Lancet Infect Dis
January 2025
Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, G5 Épidémiologie et Analyse des Maladies Infectieuses, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Background: Plasmodium vivax forms dormant liver stages (hypnozoites) that can reactivate weeks to months after primary infection. Radical cure requires a combination of antimalarial drugs to kill both the blood-stage and liver-stage parasites. Hypnozoiticidal efficacy of the liver-stage drugs primaquine and tafenoquine cannot be estimated directly because hypnozoites are undetectable.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessing tafenoquine implementation in Brazil: a qualitative evaluation of perceptions of healthcare providers and Plasmodium vivax patients (QualiTRuST Study).
Malar J
December 2024
Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil.
Background: To eliminate malaria by 2035, Brazil must address Plasmodium vivax. Previously, first-line treatment was chloroquine plus 7-day primaquine (PQ) without glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency testing. In 2021, point-of-care quantitative G6PD testing and single-dose tafenoquine (TQ) were piloted in two municipalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAddressing health equity for breastfeeding women: primaquine for Plasmodium vivax radical cure.
Malar J
September 2024
MMV Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20 Route de Pré-Bois, 1215, Geneva 15, Switzerland.
Article Synopsis
- * The World Health Organization's updated guidelines in October 2023 limit primaquine use in breastfeeding women, assuming it could harm infants with G6PD deficiency, although there's ongoing anticipation for tafenoquine recommendations.
- * Recent studies argue for lifting primaquine restrictions due to findings showing very low infant exposure to the drug in breastfeeding scenarios, suggesting minimal risk to infants while highlighting the public health benefits of preventing malaria relapses in mothers.
Methaemoglobin as a surrogate marker of primaquine antihypnozoite activity in Plasmodium vivax malaria: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis.
PLoS Med
September 2024
Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on the effectiveness of 8-aminoquinolines (primaquine and tafenoquine) in curing Plasmodium vivax malaria by targeting hypnozoites, with a specific look at the role of methaemoglobin levels as a potential indicator for preventing malaria recurrence.
- The researchers conducted a systematic review of clinical studies from 2000 to 2022 and examined data from 1,747 patients treated with primaquine to analyze the relationship between methaemoglobin concentration and the time to malaria recurrence.
- Their findings suggest that higher methaemoglobin levels may correlate with a lower risk of P. vivax recurrence, indicating the potential use of methaemoglobin as
Primaquine-5,6-Orthoquinone Is Directly Hemolytic to Older G6PD Deficient RBCs in a Humanized Mouse Model.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther
September 2024
Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia (K.H.D.-C., A.M.H., J.C.Z.); Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (K.H.D.-C., A.M.H., J.C.Z.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado (J.A.R., T.N., F.I.C., A.I., A.D-A.); University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Center for Blood Oxygen Transport and Hemostasis, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.L., P.W.B.); Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, and Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (E.A.L., J.P.Y.K.); University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, Maryland (M.S.P., P.W.B.); National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi (L.A.W.); and GlobaCure, Birmingham, Alabama (B.L.T.)
Article Synopsis
- Primaquine and Tafenoquine are the only drugs that can cure malaria completely, but they pose risks for individuals with G6PD deficiency, potentially causing severe blood cell damage.
- The study introduces a new mouse model replicating a specific human G6PD variant, allowing researchers to observe how a metabolite called 5,6-POQ affects red blood cells.
- The research indicates that 5,6-POQ is not just a harmless byproduct of drug metabolism but actively contributes to the destruction of older red blood cells in G6PD-deficient individuals, challenging previous assumptions about its role.
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