AI Article Synopsis
- This study explores the impact of selective androgen (ostarine, OST) and estrogen receptor (raloxifene, RAL) modulators on muscle tissue in a postmenopausal rat model.
- After 13 weeks of treatment, OST showed positive effects on muscle growth and related gene expression, while RAL had a negative impact on muscle weight and food intake but increased some growth factors.
- The combination of OST and RAL had mixed results, indicating potential side effects on the uterus and hormonal balance, highlighting the need for careful consideration before therapeutic use.
Article Abstract
Purpose: Selective androgen (ostarine, OST) and estrogen (raloxifene, RAL) receptor modulators with improved tissue selectivity have been developed as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy. We investigated the combined effects of OST and RAL on muscle tissue in an estrogen-deficient rat model of postmenopausal conditions.
Methods: Three-month-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into groups: (1) untreated non-ovariectomized rats (Non-OVX), (2) untreated ovariectomized rats (OVX), (3) OVX rats treated with OST, (4) OVX rats treated with RAL, (5) OVX rats treated with OST and RAL. Both compounds were administered in the diet. The average dose received was 0.6 ± 0.1 mg for OST and 11.1 ± 1.2 mg for RAL per kg body weight/day. After thirteen weeks, rat activity, muscle weight, structure, gene expression, and serum markers were analyzed.
Results: OST increased muscle weight, capillary ratio, insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf-1) expression, serum phosphorus, uterine weight. RAL decreased muscle weight, capillary ratio, food intake, serum calcium and increased Igf-1 and Myostatin expression, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). OST + RAL increased muscle nucleus ratio, uterine weight, serum phosphorus, FSH and luteinizing hormone and decreased body and muscle weight, serum calcium. Neither treatment changed muscle fiber size. OVX increased body and muscle weight, decreased uterine weight, serum calcium and magnesium.
Conclusion: OST had beneficial effects on muscle in OVX rats. Side effects of OST on the uterus and serum electrolytes should be considered before using it for therapeutic purposes. RAL and RAL + OST had less effect on muscle and showed endocrinological side effects on pituitary-gonadal axis.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10904410 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40618-023-02188-z | DOI Listing |
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