A male patient in his 70s with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery received atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo+Bev) therapy. Initial computed tomography (CT) revealed tumor growth along with an increase in tumor markers, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) showed multiple round avascular areas within the nodules with an appearance similar to a slice of Swiss cheese. Continuation of immunotherapy with consideration of the potential for pseudoprogression produced a dramatic response. Although it is difficult to distinguish between true progression and pseudoprogression, the Swiss cheese-like appearance on CEUS may be important for the early diagnosis of pseudoprogression.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.2349-23 | DOI Listing |
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