Cryopreservation of Growth Factor-Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Does Not Compromise Major Outcomes after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

During the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, cryopreservation of allogeneic donor stem cell products ensured the availability of products at the start of conditioning for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Following recommendations from unrelated donor registries, including the National Marrow Donor Program, many centers began to cryopreserve related donor peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) products. Throughout this process, several centers have published outcomes with cryopreserved versus fresh products, some with conflicting results. Even though cryopreservation was initially considered only a temporary measure driven by the pandemic, potential advantages include greater flexibility of transplantation timing. However, concerns about detrimental effects of cryopreservation, including increased risk of graft rejection, relapse, and consequent mortality, remained. The primary objective of the present study was to describe our center's experience comparing outcomes following PBSC transplantation with cryopreserved versus fresh grafts. This was an observational case study with a retrospective review comparing cryopreserved grafts (n = 213) to a recent historical cohort (controls) using fresh grafts (n = 167). In multivariable analyses, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for fresh versus cryopreserved grafts was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI], .79 to 1.82; P = .40) for overall mortality, .99 (95% CI, .55 to 1.77; P = .98) for nonrelapse mortality, and .94 (95% CI, .60 to 1.48; P = .80) for relapse. The adjusted HR for platelet engraftment was 1.31 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.63; P = .02) and the odds ratio of grade III-IV acute GVHD was 1.75 (95% CI, 1.01 to 3.04; P = .05) with fresh grafts compared to cryopreserved grafts. There was no demonstrable difference in the risk of chronic GHVD. Although longer-term follow-up is needed, these data provide preliminary reassurance that in the event of another pandemic or should the logistical need arise in individual patients, cryopreservation of PBSC products is a reasonably safe alternative.