Current status of neonatal jaundice management in Japan.

Background: This nationwide survey aimed to determine the status of jaundice management in Japan.

Methods: A questionnaire about bilirubin level measurements and neonatal jaundice treatment was sent to 330 institutions providing neonatal care. The responses were analyzed according to institution level.

Results: Of 330 institutions, 172 responded (52.1% response rate). Total bilirubin levels were measured in the central laboratory using spectrophotometry at 134 institutions and a blood gas analyzer at 81 institutions. Unbound bilirubin (UB) levels were measured by 79 institutions, while transcutaneous bilirubin measurements were taken at 63 institutions. There was no association between institution level and UB or transcutaneous bilirubin measurement. For phototherapy criteria, the Murata-Imura criteria were adopted by 67 institutions, Nakamura criteria by 36, and Morioka criteria by 39. Light-emitting diodes (LED) were used by 160 institutions versus fluorescent lights by 31. When a blue LED was used, 119 institutions used the high mode. There is no standard for increasing light intensity. No association was found between institution level and phototherapy criteria. UB was measured in 14 of 63 institutions using the Murata-Imura criteria.

Conclusions: There is a large variation in the management and treatment of neonatal jaundice among institutes in Japan.