Distribution patterns of 10 phthalic acid diesters (PAEs) and four cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMSs) were investigated in fine particulate matter (PM and PM) collected from Bac Ninh, an industrial province in Vietnam during September-October in 2021. Total concentrations of PAEs found in PM and PM were in the ranges of 1.76-372 (median: 34.0 ng/m) and 2.23-895 ng/m (median: 15.4 ng/m), respectively. Among PAEs, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) was the most abundant compound found in PM, whereas, di-2-(ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest concentration in PM. Total concentrations of cVMSs measured in PM and PM were in the ranges of method quantification limit (MQL)-203 (median: 2.10 ng/m) and MQL-537 ng/m (median: 0.389 ng/m), respectively. Among cVMSs, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in both PM and PM fractions of particulate matter. The concentration ratios between PAEs and cVMSs in PM/PM were greater than 1 (except di-n-octyl phthalate: DnOP), suggesting that these chemicals tend to sorb to PM more preferentially than PM. Among sampling locations, high concentrations of PAEs and cVMSs were found at traffic intersections (Que Vo district) and a craft village (Tu Son city). Relatively stronger correlations existed between cVMSs pairs in PM and PM (correlation coefficient: 0.73-1) than those of PAEs (-0.83-0.90). The human exposure doses to PAEs and cVMSs through inhalation of particulate matter were estimated based on the measured concentrations in PM and PM fractions. The estimated exposure doses of PAEs and cVMSs for infants (7.1 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.5 ng/kg-bw/d) were higher than those for adults (2.6 ng/kg-bw/d and 0.9 ng/kg-bw/d).
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.117018 | DOI Listing |
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