AI Article Synopsis
- A two-year cohort study in Pará State, Brazil, examined the prevalence and clinical aspects of canine Leishmania (L.) chagasi infection in 316 dogs, revealing an overall prevalence of 35.1%.
- Three immune profiles were identified, with the majority of infected dogs falling under the subclinical profile, particularly profile I, which had a significantly higher risk of converting to symptomatic disease.
- The study highlights the high mortality rate in profile I dogs and emphasizes the importance of early preventive measures against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).
Article Abstract
Background: A cohort study for 2 years period analysed the prevalence, incidence and clinical-immunological features of canine Leishmania (L.) chagasi-infection in 316 mongrel dogs in a visceral leishmaniasis-endemic area in Pará State, Brazil.
Objective/methods: Diagnosis of infection was performed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT-IgG), the leishmanin skin test (LST) and a parasite search (from the popliteal lymph node aspiration) at the beginning of the study and at 6, 12 and 24 months intervals.
Results: IFAT/LST revealed three immune profiles of infection: (I) IFAT /LST (81), (II) IFAT /LST (17) and (III) IFAT /LST (13). Prevalence of profiles I, II and III were 25.6, 5.4 and 4.1%, and an overall prevalence 35.1%. Incidence of profiles I, II and III were 5.4, 0.3 and 0.0%, and an overall incidence 5.7% dogs per month. Incidence at the age ranges <1 year, ≥1 year, <7 years and ≥7 years evidenced a highest rate in the age range <1 year (6.6% dogs per month). Parasitological diagnosis was positive in 19% dogs at the prevalence (85.7% profile I), and in 11% at the incidence (100% profile I). The clinical picture of 179 infected dogs showed 145 (81%) of profile I (82% subclinical); 21 (11.7%) of profile II (100% subclinical); and 13 (7.3%) of profile III (84.6% subclinical). Conversion from subclinical to sick dogs was higher (p < 0.05) in profile I (40.2%) than in profiles II (5.8%) and III (9%). Immunological conversion showed that only 3.2% of profile I dogs (prevalence) converted to LST (two at the end of the first 6 months and 1 after 24 months), while 82.3% of profile II dogs converted to IFAT (11 in the first 6 months, whereas three after 12 months). A 100% death rate was observed in dogs from profile I alone.
Conclusion: These results reinforce the need of adopting preventive strategies against CVL as early as in the first semester of the dog's life.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10650335 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vms3.1218 | DOI Listing |
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- A two-year cohort study in Pará State, Brazil, examined the prevalence and clinical aspects of canine Leishmania (L.) chagasi infection in 316 dogs, revealing an overall prevalence of 35.1%.
- Three immune profiles were identified, with the majority of infected dogs falling under the subclinical profile, particularly profile I, which had a significantly higher risk of converting to symptomatic disease.
- The study highlights the high mortality rate in profile I dogs and emphasizes the importance of early preventive measures against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).
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