The relative contribution of ethnic identity and ethnic discrimination on alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use disorders among Hispanic/Latin American individuals.

Introduction: Racial/ethnic discrimination and ethnic identity, the affiliation and connection to one's ethnic group, are important for understanding alcohol, tobacco, and drug use disorders (AUD, TUD, DUD, respectively) among Hispanic/Latin American individuals. Although discrimination is a well-recognized risk factor, the role of ethnic identity is less understood. Moreover, no study has examined which of these factors is more important for informing AUD, TUD, and DUD. This information is necessary for creating effective prevention and treatment programs tailored for Hispanic/Latin American people. Herein we examined the role and relative importance of racial/ethnic discrimination and Hispanic ethnic identity on past year AUD, TUD, and DUD.

Methods: Hispanic/Latin American participants of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III constituted the sample for this cross-sectional secondary data analysis. Participants (N = 7037) were 39.93 years old on average (SD = 15.32). More than half were female (56.1 %) and had family incomes below the median household income in the United States (58.7 %). Most had national origins in North America (79.3 %), including US dependent territories and Mexico. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) verified the psychometric properties of the discrimination and Hispanic ethnic identity measures. Logistic regressions, supplemented with dominance analysis, estimated the role and relative contribution of discrimination and Hispanic ethnic identity on the probability of past year AUD, TUD, and DUD.

Results: The CFAs yielded adequate convergent validity and reliability for each construct. More racial/ethnic discrimination and a higher Hispanic ethnic identity related to a higher and lower probability of AUD, TUD, and DUD, respectively. The magnitude of the association between Hispanic ethnic identity and the probability of TUD exceeded that of racial/ethnic discrimination, but the converse was the case for AUD and DUD.

Conclusions: Prevention and treatment programs for TUD that highlight the value of having a strong sense of self as a member of a Hispanic ethnic group, and that encourage the individual to explore their Hispanic ancestry may prove effective among Hispanic/Latin American individuals, particularly those who have experienced racial/ethnic discrimination. Programs for AUD and DUD tailored for Hispanic Latin/American adults should also incorporate coping strategies to address experiences with racial/ethnic discrimination.