Purpose: This study evaluated the differences in treatment outcomes between misoprostol and surgical evacuation for the management of incomplete abortion.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared patients with a clinical diagnosis of incomplete abortion who underwent surgical or pharmaceutical (misoprostol) intervention, 2014-2017. Demographics, sonographic results, treatment follow-up, and post-intervention data on retained products of conception were retrieved. Women with incomplete abortion who underwent surgical versus pharmaceutical intervention were compared.
Results: Among 589 spontaneous abortions, 198 were included in the study, of which 123 (62.1%) underwent surgical evacuation and 75 (37.9%) pharmaceutical intervention with misoprostol. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. During 130.8 ± 91.7 days of follow-up, no patient who underwent surgical evacuation had retained products of conception or needed surgical hysteroscopy. Four cases (5.3%) in the misoprostol group had retained products of conception and needed hysteroscopy (p = 0.02). Patients who underwent surgical evacuation had higher hemoglobin levels during follow-up (12.1 mg/dL vs. 11.7 mg/dL, p = 0.05). There were no differences in post-treatment pregnancy rates between groups.
Conclusion: Long-term follow-up after incomplete abortion showed that hemodynamically stable patients treated with misoprostol achieved the desired results in 95% of cases without significant differences in pregnancy intervals compared to surgical management. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the outcomes described in this study.
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