Thirty-five diverse polyphenols, belonging to seven structure classes, were isolated from , a medicinal and edible plant sampled from Laos. The structures of nine new compounds, gargarcilones A-I (-, -, , , and ), were established using spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, and experimental and calculated ECD methods. Additionally, we revised the stereochemical assignment of cochinchinoxanthone and cochinchinoxanthone C. The compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against five human tumor cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MDA-MB-231, and SW480). Compounds -, , and exhibited cytotoxic activity with IC values of 0.5-8.9 μM. Compound significantly induced apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells.
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