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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening for people presenting with advanced HIV disease (AHD) and for those with positive CrAg without evidence of meningitis to initiate preemptive antifungal medication. Data on the implementation of WHO recommendations regarding CrAg screening is limited. We estimated pooled prevalence of CrAg screening uptake, cryptococcal antigenemia, lumbar puncture, cryptococcal meningitis and initiation of preemptive antifungal medication from available eligible published studies conducted in Africa.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanotherapeutics for Meningitis: Enhancing Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier.
Biomimetics (Basel)
January 2025
GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Meningitis is the acute or chronic inflammation of the protective membranes, surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and this inflammatory process spreads throughout the subarachnoid space. The traditional drug delivery methods pose a disadvantage in limiting the capacity of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to reach the central nervous system (CNS). Hence, it is imperative to develop novel approaches that can overcome these constraints and offer efficient therapy for meningitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSingle-cell sequencing of human Langerhans cells identifies altered gene expression profiles in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Immunohorizons
January 2025
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dysregulated T cell immunity and skin microbiome dysbiosis with predominance of Staphylococcus aureus, which is associated with exacerbating AD skin inflammation. Specific glycosylation patterns of S. aureus cell wall structures amplify skin inflammation through interaction with Langerhans cells (LCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrion protein modulation of virus-specific T cell differentiation and function during acute viral infection.
Immunohorizons
January 2025
Center for Virus Research, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Charlie Dunlop School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.
The differentiation and functionality of virus-specific T cells during acute viral infections are crucial for establishing long-term protective immunity. While numerous molecular regulators impacting T cell responses have been uncovered, the role of cellular prion proteins (PrPc) remains underexplored. Here, we investigated the impact of PrPc deficiency on the differentiation and function of virus-specific T cells using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) Armstrong acute infection model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPost-traumatic Acinetobacter baumannii Meningitis Following Penetrating Trauma: A Case Report.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, ZAF.
This report details the case of a 29-year-old male patient who presented at a tertiary-level trauma centre with multiple stab wounds to the face, chest, and back. Despite not undergoing surgical intervention or exhibiting any apparent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage during the initial evaluation. The patient's condition deteriorated, with subsequent cultures from CSF and blood confirmed extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii (A.
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