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Efficacy of the spatial repellent product Mosquito Shield™ against wild pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles arabiensis in south-eastern Tanzania. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The study explores the effectiveness of Mosquito Shield™, a spatial repellent, in reducing contact between malaria-carrying mosquitoes and humans in Tanzania through its ability to inhibit mosquito landings and blood-feeding.
  • Conducted over a month in 24 experimental huts, the research found a significant landing inhibition of 70% and blood-feeding inhibition of 69%, demonstrating the product's potential as a non-intrusive malaria prevention strategy.
  • The results indicate no significant difference in efficacy between landing and blood-feeding inhibition, highlighting Mosquito Shield™ as a promising tool for reducing malaria transmission, especially in challenging contexts like humanitarian emergencies.

Article Abstract

Background: Spatial repellents that create airborne concentrations of an active ingredient (AI) within a space offer a scalable solution to further reduce transmission of malaria, by disrupting mosquito behaviours in ways that ultimately lead to reduced human-vector contact. Passive emanator spatial repellents can protect multiple people within the treated space and can last for multiple weeks without the need for daily user touchpoints, making them less intrusive interventions. They may be particularly advantageous in certain use cases where implementation of core tools may be constrained, such as in humanitarian emergencies and among mobile at-risk populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of Mosquito Shield™ deployed in experimental huts against wild, free-flying, pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Tanzania over 1 month.

Methods: The efficacy of Mosquito Shield™ transfluthrin spatial repellent in reducing mosquito lands and blood-feeding was evaluated using 24 huts: sixteen huts were allocated to Human Landing Catch (HLC) collections and eight huts to estimating blood-feeding. In both experiments, half of the huts received no intervention (control) while the remaining received the intervention randomly allocated to huts and remained fixed for the study duration. Outcomes measured were mosquito landings, blood-fed, resting and dead mosquitoes. Data were analysed by multilevel mixed effects regression with appropriate dispersion and link function accounting for volunteer, hut and day.

Results: Landing inhibition was estimated to be 70% (57-78%) [IRR 0.30 (95% CI 0.22-0.43); p < 0.0001] and blood-feeding inhibition was estimated to be 69% (56-79%) [IRR 0.31 (95% CI 0.21-0.44; p < 0.0001] There was no difference in the protective efficacy estimates of landing and blood-feeding inhibition [IRR 0.98 (95% CI 0.53-1.82; p = 0.958].

Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Mosquito Shield™ was efficacious against a wild pyrethroid-resistant strain of An. arabiensis mosquitoes in Tanzania for up to 1 month and could be used as a complementary or stand-alone tool where gaps in protection offered by core malaria vector control tools exist. HLC is a suitable technique for estimating bite reductions conferred by spatial repellents especially where direct blood-feeding measurements are not practical or are ethically limited.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10466708PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12936-023-04674-4DOI Listing

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