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A bio-cultural tale of the past, present and future of human nutrition.
J Anthropol Sci
December 2024
Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy.
Human nutrition represents a dynamic interplay between biological evolution and cultural development, profoundly shaping dietary practices and health outcomes. This paper traces the dietary evolution of the genus Homo, from practices like foraging, scavenging, hunting, and gathering to the Neolithic transition towards agropastoral subsistence. These changes influenced human biology, evident in genetic adaptations such as lactase persistence and amylase gene copy variation, and reshaped societal structures and population dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSomatic Symptoms Are Associated With Elevated Blood Pressure and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies Among Shuar of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Am J Hum Biol
January 2025
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Introduction: This study tests the hypothesis that self-reported somatic symptoms are associated with biomarkers of stress, including elevated blood pressure and suppressed immune function, among Shuar adults living in the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Methods: Research was conducted in three Shuar communities in the Upano Valley of the Ecuadorian Amazon and included the collection of biomarkers and a structured morbidity interview. Participants self-reported somatic symptoms such as headaches, body pain, fatigue, and other bodily symptoms.
Dental evidence for extended growth in early Homo from Dmanisi.
Nature
November 2024
Department of Informatics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Human life history is characterized by an extended period of immaturity during which there is a disjunction between cerebral and somatic growth rates. This mode of ontogeny is thought to be essential for the acquisition of advanced cognitive capabilities in a socially complex environment while the brain is still growing. Key information about when and how this pattern evolved can be gleaned from the teeth of fossil hominins because dental development informs about the pace of life history.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCore-periphery structure of a medicinal botanical system in Uruguay.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed
November 2024
Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental, Centro Universitario Regional Este, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Uruguay.
Background: Human evolution has granted upon an individual's cognitive mechanisms necessary for remembering experiences, vital for both survival and reproduction. These experiences manifest into cultural traits, influencing human culture, particularly in healthcare and maintenance. Studies regarding medicinal plants and treatments are integral to the study of the medical botanical system.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStone toolmaking energy expenditure differs between novice and expert toolmakers.
Am J Biol Anthropol
December 2024
Department of Anthropology, CUNY Hunter College, New York, USA.
Objectives: This study investigates the energetic costs associated with Oldowan-style flake production and how skill differences influence these costs.
Materials And Methods: Nine adult participants, including novice and expert toolmakers, underwent a 2-h experimental session where we measured energy expenditure and flaking outcomes. We measured body mass (kg), percent body fat, and fat-free mass (kg) and used open-circuit indirect calorimetry to quantify energy expenditure.
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