Distribution pattern and change prediction of habitat in China under climate change.

has always been of great significance in promoting human health and ecological restoration. However, human activities and climate change have severely affected habitat, population dynamics and sustainable use of . Little is known about the geographical distribution pattern and their responses to climate change of . In order to reveal the impact of climate change on , we conducted a study based on natural distribution data of two species (297 occurrence points), 20 environmental factors, and an optimized MaxEnt model. Our results identified the main environmental factors influencing , predicted their potential geographical distribution, and assessed migration trends under climate change in China. Our analysis showed that and have potential suitable habitats of 62.89 × 10 and 70.71 × 10 km, respectively. Temperature and precipitation were found to play an essential role in shaping the present geographical distribution of populations. Based on two future climate scenarios, we forecasted that the potential suitable habitat of would decrease by 12.52% (SSP245) and increase by 25.28% (SSP585), while would decline by 19.61% (SSP245) and 15.78% (SSP585) in the late-21st century. The potential suitable habitats of and would shift to northward and westward, respectively. Hydrothermal change was found to be the primary driver of the suitable habitat of populations in the future. We recommend establishing nature reserves for existing populations, especially . Our study provided a practical framework for the impact of climate change on the suitable habitat of species and guided regional cultivation, long-term conservation, and sustainable use.